Note: The article
below is taken from the Reformed Baptist Fellowship blog. It is written by Dr. James M. Renihan, Dean and Professor of
Historical Theology at the Institute of Reformed Baptist Studies at Westminster
Theological Seminary in California, Escondido and provides insights as to how and
why our Puritan Baptist forebears planted churches. JTR
Almost as soon as
Calvinistic Baptists appeared on the scene in 1640s England, they demonstrated
a whole-hearted commitment to evangelism and church planting. They were
not alone, for many of the Puritans expressed concern for the regions of their country
not yet blossoming with Gospel assemblies.[2] None of these men could be content
enjoying their own privileges, but actively engaged in seeking to bring the
message of Christ to others.
The growth of the early Particular Baptists[3] is amazing. W. T. Whitley, in a
1910 article, estimated that in 1715 there were 220 Particular Baptist churches
in existence in England and Wales, and about half as many General Baptist
churches.[4] Included in many of Whitley’s
entries is a figure of approximate attendance. After extensive
comparisons with other extant records, Michael Watts concludes that the figures
are generally accurate for the period.[5] When one remembers that in 1641
there were no Calvinistic churches practicing believer’s baptism by immersion,
the statistics take on much meaning.
Among the Particular Baptists, the work of church planting was often done
through evangelists. This was not an office in the church, though the men
involved were often elders, but rather appointed emissaries charged with the
task of spreading the gospel and establishing churches. They carried with
them authority from the sending churches. Two early examples of the
convictions present in these churches provide the basis for later actions.
In 1649, the church “meeting att the Glashouse” in London held a day of
prayer “to seek the Lord that he would send labourers into the dark corners and
parts of this land.”[6] On the next day, John Myles and
Thomas Proud appeared in their midst, concerned for the needs of Wales.
They were apparently baptized and sent, within a fortnight, back to Wales for
the purpose of planting churches. On 1 October 1649, baptisms began to
take place, and the Ilston church was organized, having forty-three members by
October 1650.[7] Myles engaged in an aggressive plan
to bring other churches into existence, so that within a year of the first
baptism two more assemblies had been formed, and the first “General Meeting”[8] in South Wales was held on 6 and 7
November 1650.[9] White, citing the Ilston church
book, states that the commission given to Myles and Proud by the London church
was “to gather a ‘company or society of people holding forth and practising the
doctrine, worship, order and discipline of the Gospel according to the
primitive institution.’” He then comments,
The terms in which they understood their mission are of considerable
importance: they saw their task not only as concerned with the conversion of
individuals to Christ but also with the foundation of congregations rightly
ordered according to what they believed to be the one, unchanging, apostolic
pattern.[10]
White is undoubtedly correct in this assessment. The
well-ordered church was so central to the redemptive purposes of God that any
kind of evangelistic thrust must seek, as its highest goal, to establish new
assemblies. For these Welsh evangelists, one church was
insufficient. The needs of the countryside were so great that only the
founding of many churches would satisfy. This early perspective was
active among the Particular Baptist churches.
The London church under the ministry of Hanserd Knollys sent Thomas Tillam[11] to another one of the “dark corners of
the land,” the North (County Durham), in December 1651. He was appointed
to a lectureship by the “Committee for the Propagation of the Gospel”
established by Parliament in February 1649/50,[12] and used this post as the base to plant
a Baptist church in Hexham. In seven months, sixteen individuals were
baptized and a church was formed. Tillam saw this as the great end of his
mission:
upon the 21st day of the 5th month, 1652 . . . after serious consideration
and some gospel preparation, a living temple began of these living stones. . .
. These, solemnly giving themselves to the Lord and one to another, to walk in
communion together, with submission to all the ordinances of the Gospel, I,
Tho. Tillam, espoused to one husband; hoping that I shall present them a chaste
virgin to Christ.[13]
The formula for church planting was at the front of this action.
Evangelism was not carried out simply to seek after conversions. Churches
had to be planted. Those who received the gift of salvation were expected
to become part of a well-ordered church. The Baptists could not conceive
of evangelism apart from church planting. Converts were to be baptized,
and formed into a church by a (to use Benjamin Keach’s term) “wise master
builder.”
